Orchestral 18th-century classical music, also known as the Classical period (roughly 1730–1820), marks a significant shift in musical style and structure from the Baroque period.

Key characteristics of 18th-century orchestral music include the development of sonata form, which became the foundation for symphonies, concertos, and chamber works. Orchestras grew in size and structure, with strings at the core and woodwinds, brass, and percussion becoming more standardized. 

Melodies were clear and singable, and harmonies became more transparent with an emphasis on tonality. The use of dynamic contrasts like crescendos and decrescendos added emotional depth. Symphonies, concertos, and overtures flourished, with composers like Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven contributing iconic works that shaped the Classical period.