This category includes music from the Medieval (c. 500–1400) through the Renaissance (c. 1400–1600) and into the Baroque period (c. 1600–1750). 

Medieval music is characterized by Gregorian Chant and early polyphony while the Renaissance saw the rise of intricate polyphonic compositions, with notable figures such as Josquin des Prez and Palestrina creating masterpieces of choral music. Instrumental music also gained prominence, with the development of early instruments like the lute, viol, and recorder. The period also saw the evolution of madrigals, motets, and early forms of the mass.

The Baroque period marked the transition to more recognizable classical music forms, with composers such as  Bach, Handel, and Vivaldi revolutionizing music through tonality, opera, oratorio, and the concerto.